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Chambri people
Chambri (previously spelled Tchambuli) are an ethnic group in the Chambri Lakes region in the East Sepik province of Papua New Guinea. The social structures of Chambri society have often been a subject in the study of gender roles.
Margaret Mead, a cultural anthropologist, studied the Chambri in 1933. Her influential book ''Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies'' became a major cornerstone of the women's liberation movement, since it claimed that females had significant and dominant roles in Chambri society.〔http://frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=16461〕
== History ==
This community was located near Chambri Lake in Papua New Guinea, there exists a community of three villages collectively known as the Chambri. These three villages, Indingai, Wombun, and Kilimbit, contain about 1,000 people. When the Chambri first came together, though isolated, they located communities nearby that made it possible for cultural interaction and growth.〔Gewertz, D. (1977). The Politics of Affinal Exchange: Chambri as a Client Market. Ethnology, 16(3), 285-298. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3773313〕
A neighboring society, the Iatmul, and the Chambri began trading goods so that each could progress and aid one another. The Chambri have been, and continue to be a large fishing community. The fish Chambri caught were in turn traded with the Iatmul to receive sago. For shell valuables the Chambri traded their hand-made tools and products. In later years as the introduction of European tools began appearing within the culture, the Iatmul no longer needed the Chambri’s tools and goods. This left the Chambri vulnerable and eventually led to the Chambri society leaving their island to protect their community from the rising Iatmul military. They returned in 1927 once peace had been restored in their area. Historically known as headhunters and a volatile group, the Chambri abandoned these tendencies once Papua New Guinea came under independent government. Culturally their society had changed due to European influences, however the personal interactions and customs within the Chambri had not. New neighboring societies were formed, trade and growth continued throughout the years as anthropologists such as Margaret Mead, Deborah Gewertz and Frederick Errington visited this tribal location and reported on their findings.〔Gewertz, D., & Errington, F. (1991). Twisted histories, altered contexts. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.〕〔Higgins, P., & Mukhopadyay, C. (1988). Anthropological Studies of Women’s Status Revisited: 1944-1987. Annual Review of Anthropology, 17. Retrieved from http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.00233〕
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